locale
1. locale.1.man
Manpage of LOCALE
LOCALE
Section: Debian GNU/Linux (1)Updated: 2002-03-02
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
locale - Get locale-specific information.SYNOPSIS
locale [ "-a" | "-m"]DESCRIPTION
The locale program writes information about the current locale environment, or all locales, to standard output.When invoked without arguments, locale summarizes the current locale environment for each locale category defined by the LC_* environment variables.
-a, --all-locales
Write names of available locales.
-m, --charmaps
Write names of available charmaps.
Output Format:
-c, --category-name
Write names of selected categories.
-k, --keyword-name
Write names and values of selected keywords.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
LC_CTYPE
Character classification and case conversion.
LC_COLLATE
Collation order.
LC_TIME
Date and time formats.
LC_NUMERIC
Non-monetary numeric formats.
LC_MONETARY
Monetary formats.
LC_MESSAGES
Formats of informative and diagnostic messages and
interactive responses.
LC_PAPER
Paper size.
LC_NAME
Name formats.
LC_ADDRESS
Address formats and location information.
LC_TELEPHONE
Telephone number formats.
LC_MEASUREMENT
Measurement units (Metric or Other).
LC_IDENTIFICATION
Metadata about the locale information.
AUTHOR
locale was written by Ulrich Drepper for the GNU C Library.This manpage was written by Joel Klecker <espy@debian.org> for the Debian GNU/Linux system, and expanded by Alastair McKinstry <mckinstry@computer.org>
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Time: 07:35:41 GMT, May 02, 2010
2. locale.3.man
Manpage of locale
locale
Section: Perl Programmers Reference Guide (3)Updated: 2001-09-21
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operationsSYNOPSIS
@x = sort @y; # ASCII sorting order
{
use locale;
@x = sort @y; # Locale-defined sorting order
}
@x = sort @y; # ASCII sorting order again
DESCRIPTION
This pragma tells the compiler to enable (or disable) the use of POSIX locales for built-in operations (LC_CTYPE for regular expressions, and LC_COLLATE for string comparison). Each ``use locale'' or ``no locale'' affects statements to the end of the enclosing BLOCK.See perllocale for more detailed information on how Perl supports locales.
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Time: 07:35:41 GMT, May 02, 2010
3. locale.5.man
Manpage of LOCALE
LOCALE
Section: Linux User Manual (5)Updated: 2008-06-17
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
locale - Describes a locale definition fileDESCRIPTION
The locale definition files contains all the information that the localedef(1) command needs to convert it into the binary locale database.The definition files consist of sections which each describe a locale category in detail.
Syntax
The locale definition file starts with a header that may consist of the following keywords:- <escape_char>
- is followed by a character that should be used as the escape-character for the rest of the file to mark characters that should be interpreted in a special way. It defaults to the backslash (\).
- <comment_char>
- is followed by a character that will be used as the comment-character for the rest of the file. It defaults to the number sign (#).
The locale definition has one part for each locale category. Each part can be copied from another existing locale or can be defined from scratch. If the category should be copied, the only valid keyword in the definition is copy followed by the name of the locale which should be copied.
LC_CTYPE
The definition for the LC_CTYPE category starts with the string LC_CTYPE in the first column.There are the following keywords allowed:
- upper
- followed by a list of uppercase letters. The letters A through Z are included automatically. Characters also specified as cntrl, digit, punct, or space are not allowed.
- lower
- followed by a list of lowercase letters. The letters a through z are included automatically. Characters also specified as cntrl, digit, punct, or space are not allowed.
- alpha
- followed by a list of letters. All character specified as either upper or lower are automatically included. Characters also specified as cntrl, digit, punct, or space are not allowed.
- digit
- followed by the characters classified as numeric digits. Only the digits 0 through 9 are allowed. They are included by default in this class.
- space
- followed by a list of characters defined as white-space characters. Characters also specified as upper, lower, alpha, digit, graph, or xdigit are not allowed. The characters <space>, <form-feed>, <newline>, <carriage-return>, <tab>, and <vertical-tab> are automatically included.
- cntrl
- followed by a list of control characters. Characters also specified as upper, lower, alpha, digit, punct, graph, print, or xdigit are not allowed.
- punct
- followed by a list of punctuation characters. Characters also specified as upper, lower, alpha, digit, cntrl, xdigit, or the <space> character are not allowed.
- graph
- followed by a list of printable characters, not including the <space> character. The characters defined as upper, lower, alpha, digit, xdigit, and punct are automatically included. Characters also specified as cntrl are not allowed.
- followed by a list of printable characters, including the <space> character. The characters defined as upper, lower, alpha, digit, xdigit, punct, and the <space> character are automatically included. Characters also specified as cntrl are not allowed.
- xdigit
- followed by a list of characters classified as hexadecimal digits. The decimal digits must be included followed by one or more set of six characters in ascending order. The following characters are included by default: 0 through 9, a through f, A through F.
- blank
- followed by a list of characters classified as blank. The characters <space> and <tab> are automatically included.
- toupper
- followed by a list of mappings from lowercase to uppercase letters. Each mapping is a pair of a lowercase and an uppercase letter separated with a , and enclosed in parentheses. The members of the list are separated with semicolons.
- tolower
- followed by a list of mappings from uppercase to lowercase letters. If the keyword tolower is not present, the reverse of the toupper list is used.
The LC_CTYPE definition ends with the string END LC_CYTPE.
LC_COLLATE
The LC_COLLATE category defines the rules for collating characters. Due to limitations of libc not all POSIX-options are implemented.The definition starts with the string LC_COLLATE in the first column.
There are the following keywords allowed:
- collating-element
- collating-symbol
The order-definition starts with a line:
- order_start
followed by a list of keywords out of forward, backward, or position. The order definition consists of lines that describe the order and is terminated with the keyword
- order_end.
For more details see the sources in /usr/lib/nls/src notably the examples POSIX, Example and Example2
The LC_COLLATE definition ends with the string END LC_COLLATE.
LC_MONETARY
The definition starts with the string LC_MONETARY in the first column.There are the following keywords allowed:
- int_curr_symbol
- followed by the international currency symbol. This must be a 4-character string containing the international currency symbol as defined by the ISO 4217 standard (three characters) followed by a separator.
- currency_symbol
- followed by the local currency symbol.
- mon_decimal_point
- followed by the string that will be used as the decimal delimiter when formatting monetary quantities.
- mon_thousands_sep
- followed by the string that will be used as a group separator when formatting monetary quantities.
- mon_grouping
- followed by a string that describes the formatting of numeric quantities.
- positive_sign
- followed by a string that is used to indicate a positive sign for monetary quantities.
- negative_sign
- followed by a string that is used to indicate a negative sign for monetary quantities.
- int_frac_digits
- followed by the number of fractional digits that should be used when formatting with the int_curr_symbol.
- frac_digits
- followed by the number of fractional digits that should be used when formatting with the currency_symbol.
- p_cs_precedes
- followed by an integer set to 1 if the currency_symbol or int_curr_symbol should precede the formatted monetary quantity or set to 0 if the symbol succeeds the value.
- p_sep_by_space
-
followed by an integer.
-
- 0
- means that no space should be printed between the symbol and the value.
- 1
- means that a space should be printed between the symbol and the value.
- 2
- means that a space should be printed between the symbol and the sign string, if adjacent.
-
- n_cs_precedes
-
-
- 0
- - the symbol succeeds the value.
- 1
- - the symbol precedes the value.
-
- n_sep_by_space
- An integer set to 0 if no space separates the currency_symbol or int_curr_symbol from the value for a negative monetary quantity, set to 1 if a space separates the symbol from the value and set to 2 if a space separates the symbol and the sign string, if adjacent.
- p_sign_posn
-
-
- 0
- Parentheses enclose the quantity and the currency_symbol or int_curr_symbol.
- 1
- The sign string precedes the quantity and the currency_symbol or the int_curr_symbol.
- 2
- The sign string succeeds the quantity and the currency_symbol or the int_curr_symbol.
- 3
- The sign string precedes the currency_symbol or the int_curr_symbol.
- 4
- The sign string succeeds the currency_symbol or the int_curr_symbol.
-
- n_sign_posn
-
-
- 0
- Parentheses enclose the quantity and the currency_symbol or int_curr_symbol.
- 1
- The sign string precedes the quantity and the currency_symbol or the int_curr_symbol.
- 2
- The sign string succeeds the quantity and the currency_symbol or the int_curr_symbol.
- 3
- The sign string precedes the currency_symbol or the int_curr_symbol.
- 4
- The sign string succeeds the currency_symbol or the int_curr_symbol.
-
The LC_MONETARY definition ends with the string END LC_MONETARY.
LC_NUMERIC
The definition starts with the string LC_NUMERIC in the first column.The following keywords are allowed:
- decimal_point
- followed by the string that will be used as the decimal delimiter when formatting numeric quantities.
- thousands_sep
- followed by the string that will be used as a group separator when formatting numeric quantities.
- grouping
- followed by a string that describes the formatting of numeric quantities.
The LC_NUMERIC definition ends with the string END LC_NUMERIC.
LC_TIME
The definition starts with the string LC_TIME in the first column.The following keywords are allowed:
- abday
- followed by a list of abbreviated weekday names. The list starts with the first day of the week as specified by week (Sunday by default).
- day
- followed by a list of weekday names. The list starts with the first day of the week as specified by week (Sunday by default).
- abmon
- followed by a list of abbreviated month names.
- mon
- followed by a list of month names.
- am_pm
- The appropriate representation of the am and pm strings.
- d_t_fmt
- The appropriate date and time format.
- d_fmt
- The appropriate date format.
- t_fmt
- The appropriate time format.
- t_fmt_ampm
- The appropriate time format when using 12h clock format.
- week
- followed by a list of three values: The number of days in a week (by default 7), a date of beginning of the week (by default corresponds to Sunday), and the minimal length of the first week in year (by default 4). Regarding the start of the week, 19971130 shall be used for Sunday and 19971201 shall be used for Monday. Thus, countries using 19971130 should have local Sunday name as the first day in the day list, while countries using 19971201 should have Monday translation as the first item in the day list.
- first_weekday (since glibc 2.2)
- Number of the first day from the day list to be shown in calendar applications. The default value of 1 corresponds to either Sunday or Monday depending on the value of the second week list item.
- first_workday (since glibc 2.2)
- Number of the first working day from the day list.
The LC_TIME definition ends with the string END LC_TIME.
LC_MESSAGES
The definition starts with the string LC_MESSAGES in the first column.The following keywords are allowed:
- yesexpr
- followed by a regular expression that describes possible yes-responses.
- noexpr
- followed by a regular expression that describes possible no-responses.
The LC_MESSAGES definition ends with the string END LC_MESSAGES.
See the POSIX.2 standard for details.
FILES
/usr/lib/locale/ --- database for the current locale setting of that category/usr/lib/nls/charmap/* --- charmap-files
CONFORMING TO
POSIX.2, ISO/IEC 14652.BUGS
This manual page isn't complete.SEE ALSO
locale(1), localedef(1), localeconv(3), setlocale(3), charmap(5)COLOPHON
This page is part of release 3.23 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
Index
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Time: 07:35:41 GMT, May 02, 2010
4. locale.7.man
Manpage of LOCALE
LOCALE
Section: Linux Programmer's Manual (7)Updated: 2008-12-05
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
locale - Description of multi-language supportSYNOPSIS
#include <locale.h>
DESCRIPTION
A locale is a set of language and cultural rules. These cover aspects such as language for messages, different character sets, lexicographic conventions, etc. A program needs to be able to determine its locale and act accordingly to be portable to different cultures.The header <locale.h> declares data types, functions and macros which are useful in this task.
The functions it declares are setlocale(3) to set the current locale, and localeconv(3) to get information about number formatting.
There are different categories for local information a program might need; they are declared as macros. Using them as the first argument to the setlocale(3) function, it is possible to set one of these to the desired locale:
- LC_COLLATE
- This is used to change the behavior of the functions strcoll(3) and strxfrm(3), which are used to compare strings in the local alphabet. For example, the German sharp s is sorted as "ss".
- LC_CTYPE
- This changes the behavior of the character handling and classification functions, such as isupper(3) and toupper(3), and the multi-byte character functions such as mblen(3) or wctomb(3).
- LC_MONETARY
- changes the information returned by localeconv(3) which describes the way numbers are usually printed, with details such as decimal point versus decimal comma. This information is internally used by the function strfmon(3).
- LC_MESSAGES
- changes the language messages are displayed in and what an affirmative or negative answer looks like. The GNU C-library contains the gettext(3), ngettext(3), and rpmatch(3) functions to ease the use of these information. The GNU gettext family of functions also obey the environment variable LANGUAGE (containing a colon-separated list of locales) if the category is set to a valid locale other than C.
- LC_NUMERIC
- changes the information used by the printf(3) and scanf(3) family of functions, when they are advised to use the locale-settings. This information can also be read with the localeconv(3) function.
- LC_TIME
- changes the behavior of the strftime(3) function to display the current time in a locally acceptable form; for example, most of Europe uses a 24-hour clock versus the 12-hour clock used in the United States.
- LC_ALL
- All of the above.
If the second argument to setlocale(3) is empty string, , for the default locale, it is determined using the following steps:
- 1.
- If there is a non-null environment variable LC_ALL, the value of LC_ALL is used.
- 2.
- If an environment variable with the same name as one of the categories above exists and is non-null, its value is used for that category.
- 3.
- If there is a non-null environment variable LANG, the value of LANG is used.
Values about local numeric formatting is made available in a struct lconv returned by the localeconv(3) function, which has the following declaration:
struct lconv {
/* Numeric (non-monetary) information */
char *decimal_point; /* Radix character */
char *thousands_sep; /* Separator for digit groups to left
of radix character */
char *grouping; /* Each element is the number of digits in a
group; elements with higher indices are
further left. An element with value CHAR_MAX
means that no further grouping is done. An
element with value 0 means that the previous
element is used for all groups further left. */
/* Remaining fields are for monetary information */
char *int_curr_symbol; /* First three chars are a currency symbol
from ISO 4217. Fourth char is the
separator. Fifth char is aq\0aq. */
char *currency_symbol; /* Local currency symbol */
char *mon_decimal_point; /* Radix character */
char *mon_thousands_sep; /* Like thousands_sep above */
char *mon_grouping; /* Like grouping above */
char *positive_sign; /* Sign for positive values */
char *negative_sign; /* Sign for negative values */
char int_frac_digits; /* International fractional digits */
char frac_digits; /* Local fractional digits */
char p_cs_precedes; /* 1 if currency_symbol precedes a
positive value, 0 if succeeds */
char p_sep_by_space; /* 1 if a space separates currency_symbol
from a positive value */
char n_cs_precedes; /* 1 if currency_symbol precedes a
negative value, 0 if succeeds */
char n_sep_by_space; /* 1 if a space separates currency_symbol
from a negative value */
/* Positive and negative sign positions:
0 Parentheses surround the quantity and currency_symbol.
1 The sign string precedes the quantity and currency_symbol.
2 The sign string succeeds the quantity and currency_symbol.
3 The sign string immediately precedes the currency_symbol.
4 The sign string immediately succeeds the currency_symbol. */
char p_sign_posn;
char n_sign_posn;
};
CONFORMING TO
POSIX.1-2001.The GNU gettext functions are specified in LI18NUX2000.
SEE ALSO
locale(1), localedef(1), gettext(3), localeconv(3), ngettext(3), nl_langinfo(3), rpmatch(3), setlocale(3), strcoll(3), strfmon(3), strftime(3), strxfrm(3)COLOPHON
This page is part of release 3.23 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
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Time: 07:35:41 GMT, May 02, 2010
